For the past seven years I searched for the Top 5 financial institutions in five-year total return to shareholders because I promote long-term strategic decision making that may not benefit next quarter's or next year's earnings release. And I am weary of the persistent "get big or get out" mentality of many bankers and industry pundits. If their platitudes about scale are correct, then the largest FIs should logically demonstrate better shareholder returns. Right?
Not so over the seven years I have been keeping track. The first bank over $50 billion in assets was SVB Financial Group, at 208th on the list. The much heralded JPMorgan Chase: 229th.
My method was to search for the best banks based on total return to shareholders over the past five years. I chose five years because banks that focus on year over year returns tend to cut strategic investments come budget time, which hurts their market position, earnings power, and future relevance than those that make those investments.
Total return includes two components: capital appreciation and dividends. However, to exclude trading inefficiencies associated with illiquidity, I filtered out those FIs that trade less than 1,000 shares per day. This, naturally, eliminated many of the smaller, illiquid FIs. I also filtered for anomalies such as recent merger announcements, mutual-to-stock conversions, stock dividends/splits without price adjustments, and penny stocks.
As a point of reference, the SNL US Bank & Thrift index total five year return was 45%.
As a point of reference, the SNL US Bank & Thrift index total five year return was 45%.
Before we begin and for comparison purposes, here are last year's top five, as measured in December 2017:
#1. Old Second Bancorp, Inc. (Nasdaq: OSBC)
#2. Independent Bank Corporation (Nasdaq: IBCP)
#3. Summit Financial Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: SMMF)
#4. HMN Financial, Inc.. (Nasdaq: HMNF)
#5. Parke Bancorp, Inc. (Nasdaq: PKBK)
Here is this year's list:
#1. Carolina Financial Corporation (Nasdaq: CARO)
Carolina Financial Corporation is the $3.7 billion in asset holding company of CresCom Bank, which also owns Atlanta-based Crescent Mortgage Company. The Bank has 61 branch locations throughout the Carolinas. In 2015, the Company was recognized as American Banker's #1 bank for three-year ROE. This is clearly a turnaround situation, as the bank lost over $12 million in 2010, over 20% of its capital (ouch). Its non-performing assets to assets at that time... 9%. But once they turned things around they took their deferred tax asset back onto their books and did three acquisition. Today, NPAs/Assets is a stellar 0.46%, and the Company sports an ROA/ROE year-to-date of 1.27% and 8.91% respectively. These comeback kids have delivered a 398% total return to shareholders over the past five years. Welcome to the list!
#2. Oregon Bancorp, Inc. (OTC Pink: ORBN)
Oregon Bancorp, Inc. is the parent company of Willamette Valley Bank, a community bank headquartered in Salem, Oregon. The Bank operates five full service offices. It also operates 13 Home Loan Centers in Oregon and Idaho. ORBN was $236 million in total assets at September 30 and barely eeked through our trading volume screen, trading about 1,300 shares/day, on average. But the Company is on pace to make $8 million this year (YTD annualized). Eight million! On a $236 million balance sheet. Demonstrates the potential value of a mortgage origination platform, if you can take the volatility. Year to date gain on sale revenues was $27 million. All of 2017 was $29 million. That is up from $6 million in 2014. So I ask readers, can you take the volatility? Because ORBN's year to date ROA/ROE was 3.63% / 32.08% respectively. You read it right. This type of knock the cover off the ball performance resulted in a five year total return to shareholders of 318%. Wow!
#3. Farmers and Merchants Bancorp, Inc. (Nasdaq: FMAO)
Farmers and Merchants Bancorp is the $1.1 billion in asset holding company for Farmers & Merchants State Bank (F&M). It has been serving the financial needs of individuals, farmers, businesses, and industries in Northwest Ohio and Northeast Indiana since 1897 through its headquarters in Archbold, Ohio and 24 additional branch offices. I always search for the "why" when banks excel in total return. For F&M, steady, superior financial performance appears to be their story. They've grown EPS at a compound annual growth rate of 12% over the past five years. Their year to date ROA/ROE is 1.41% and 11.49%, respectively. Thanks to good old growth and balance sheet management which saw their net interest margin expand from 3.49% in 2015 to 3.80% today. All of this blocking and tackling led to a five year total return to shareholders of 310% and the number 3 spot on the JFB total return list for 2018. Great job!
#4. Fidelity D&D Bancorp, Inc. (Nasdaq: FDBC)
Fidelity D&D Bancorp, Inc. is the $950 million in asset holding company for Fidelity Bank that serves Lackawanna and Luzerne Counties in Pennsylvania through 10 community banking office locations providing personal and business banking products and services, including wealth management. And to them I say... finally someone from my hometown of Scranton breaks into the JFB top five in total return! How did they do it? You wouldn't have known they were destined for shareholder greatness in 2009 or 2010 when they logged consecutive years of losses due to credit woes. But bounce back they did! In 2011, they achieved an 0.85% ROA and a 10% ROE. One year after the climb! And they have consistent improvement since then. Today they are riding a 1.21% ROA and a 12.30% ROE. They have been a regular on the American Banker Magazine's top 200 ROE banks for five years running. And they were recently named as one of Forbe's top in-state banks, which uses customer experience metrics rather than straight financials. All of the hardware resulted in a 295% five year total return to shareholders. More hardware for you!
#5. Plumas Bancorp (Nasdaq: PLBC)
Plumas Bancorp is the $771 million holding company for Plumas Bank. Founded in 1980, Plumas Bank is a full-service community bank headquartered in Quincy in Northeastern California. The bank operates twelve branches, eleven in California and one in Nevada. It also operates four loan production offices, three in California and one in Oregon. Plumas Bank is an SBA Preferred Lender. In 2009, you wouldn't think they would survive, let alone make the JFB list nine years later. They lost $9 million that year, which was 25% of their capital! With the injection of Preferred Equity and Sub Debt they picked themselves up, drove down their non-performing assets/assets ratio from 7.48% in 2010 to 0.45% today. The Company grew EPS at a 29% compound annual growth rate since 2013, and is now sporting an ROA and ROE of 1.86% and 23.61%, respectively. Pretty good. That's why they returned 280% to their shareholders the past five years!
There you have it! The JFB all stars in top 5, five-year total return. The largest of the lot is $3.7 billion in total assets. No SIFI banks on the list. Ask your investment banker why this is so.
Congratulations to all of the above that developed a specific strategy and is clearly executing well. Your shareholders have been rewarded!
Are you noticing themes that led to these banks' performance?
~ Jeff
Note: I make no investment recommendations in my blog. Please do not claim to invest in any security based on what you read here. You should make your own decisions in that regard. FINRA makes people take a test to ensure they know what they are doing before recommending securities. I'm sure that strategy works well.
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